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導(dǎo)讀:
●逗號(hào)
用于分割并列成分??佳兄攸c(diǎn):兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間,或者一個(gè)逗號(hào)之后,如果是補(bǔ)充說明成分時(shí),跳過不看。Eg。Some huge American industries,such as consumer electronics,had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition。
●句號(hào)
①用于陳述句,表示一個(gè)句子的結(jié)束,起分割切分句子作用。
②用于某些縮略詞之后。比如Mr。、Ms。、etc。等等。如果句號(hào)作為簡(jiǎn)寫符號(hào)使用,那么這個(gè)詞語簡(jiǎn)寫前后面的符號(hào)應(yīng)該照常寫上,因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)寫號(hào)并非句號(hào),也不遵循句號(hào)的語法。比如Entreprise Co。,Ltd或者I invited Tom,Jerry,etc。。(注意兩個(gè)點(diǎn))。
③用作小數(shù)點(diǎn)。
●問號(hào)
考研英語閱讀文章中的問號(hào)一般都是設(shè)問的功能,只問不答,答案不言自明。Eg1??佳须y道沒有價(jià)值嗎?另外,如果開篇就是問句,那么則屬于問題答案型文章,對(duì)問題的回答就是全文主旨。
冒號(hào)
冒號(hào)前后是從抽象到具體的過程,后面進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明前面的內(nèi)容。
Eg.1997 passage 3 Q2
60。The word“pervasive”(Line 1,Paragraph 2)might mean ________。
[A]widespread<B>overwhelming
[C]piercing[D]fashionable
We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances(drugs)is pervasive:an aspirin to quiet a headache,some wine to be sociable,coffee to get going in the morning,a cigarette for the nerves。
●分號(hào)
前后是并列關(guān)系,包括結(jié)構(gòu)上并列和語義上的并列。
For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived。(2000 Passage2)
●引號(hào)
①引用②強(qiáng)調(diào)③諷刺
Eg1“Scientific”creationism,which is being pushed by some for“equal time”in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given,is based on religion,not science。
●括號(hào)
①解釋說明生詞。②補(bǔ)充說明
Drugs(substances)that affect the central nervous system and alter perception,mood,and behavior are known as psychoactive substances。(1997,Text 3)
●破折號(hào)
①一個(gè)破折號(hào)后面起補(bǔ)充說明或評(píng)價(jià)判斷。
I am an idiot-the stupidest kind of all。
“This book stands for reason itself。”And so it does-and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate。
②兩破折號(hào)之間其補(bǔ)充說明,可先跳過不看。
In Australia-where an aging population,life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia。
●省略號(hào)
英文中的省略號(hào)的作用和漢語是一樣的。當(dāng)省略號(hào)在句圍并且有下文時(shí),應(yīng)該打四個(gè)點(diǎn),最后一個(gè)為句號(hào)。如:And it flew further,and further,and further。。。。Jorge smiled and turned back。當(dāng)省略號(hào)在句尾并作為語氣延長(zhǎng)的作用時(shí),應(yīng)使用修辭前的標(biāo)點(diǎn),如:Do you love me。。。?其余情況下使用三個(gè)點(diǎn)。如:The Martians。。。they just。。。just bombed our。。。our town,please send。。。more。