2017語(yǔ)特殊句型之部分倒裝

　　英語(yǔ)的最基本的結(jié)構(gòu)是主、謂結(jié)構(gòu)，倒裝就是將這種比較固定的詞序加以顛倒。英語(yǔ)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)分為兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。上一期已經(jīng)跟大家分享了完全倒裝的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)以及真題例句。今天，輔導(dǎo)老師繼續(xù)上期話題，將部分倒裝的相關(guān)知識(shí)分享給大家。

　　常見(jiàn)的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　(1) only+副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)：

　　I realized the importance of learning English only then. Only then did I realize the importance of learning English.

　　You can learn English well only in this way. Only in this way can you learn English well.

　　One knows freedom’s value only when one loses it. Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.

　　(2) 否定詞或表否定意義的詞：seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, never, little, few, neither, nor等位于句首時(shí)：

　　I have never seen such a beautiful place. Never have I seen such a beautiful place.

　　I seldom go to the cinema. Seldom do I go to the cinema.

　　
　　(3) so位于句首，并用于重復(fù)前面的部分內(nèi)容，表示“某人/某事也如此”時(shí)：

　　He has been to Beijing. So have I. I have been to Beijing too.

　　He likes reading very much. So do I. I like reading too.

　　Notes: 1. so 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中的謂語(yǔ)與前句的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。

　　
　　2. 若so引導(dǎo)的句子主語(yǔ)與前句主語(yǔ)一致，表示“某人確實(shí)如此”時(shí)，無(wú)需倒裝。

　　Betty is a pretty girl. So she is.

　　Tom works really hard. So he does.

　　
　　(4) 含no的短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)：

　　In no way can we allow this to happen.

　　By no means should he be left alone.

　　In no case are you to leave him alone.

　　On no account should we leave him alone.

　　Under no circumstances can we destroy our environment.

　　No longer are they seeing each other.

　　
　　(5) not 短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)：

　　Not until he went abroad did he know the truth of the fact. (主句倒裝，not until引導(dǎo)的從句不倒裝)

　　Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend. (緊跟not only的句子倒裝)

　　Not a moment did she waste when she was studying abroad.　　

　　(6) 比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝：比較結(jié)構(gòu)的后面部分可以進(jìn)行部分倒裝，后面部分的謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)與前面謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致

　　I can run faster than he does. I can run faster than does he.

　　He ran as fast as my brother did. He ran as fast as did my brother.

　　The greater the number of the free electrons(電子) in a material is, the better is the conductivity(導(dǎo)電性) of the material.

　　
　　(7) 在由so+adj/adv+that和such that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中：

　　He works so hard that he has made great progress in English. So hard does he work that he has made great progress in English

　　The attack was so suddenly that we had no time to escape. So suddenly was the attack that we had no time to escape.

　　He speaks so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him. So loudly does he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.

　　除了以上和之前總結(jié)的完全倒裝和部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，英語(yǔ)中還有以下常見(jiàn)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，大家需要注意：

　　條件句與讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝：

　　
　　(8) if引導(dǎo)的條件句中，當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含were/should/had時(shí)，可以省略if并且從句倒裝：

　　If I were you, I would work hard. Were I you, I would work hard.

　　If it should rain tommorow, we should put off the meeting. Should it rain tommorow, we should put off the meeting.

　　If he had followed my advice, he would have succeeded. Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.

　　
　　(9) though/as(雖然，盡管)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝：

　　Though he was surrounded by the enemy, he was not afraid. Surrounded though he way by the enemy, he was not afraid.

　　Although I like you very much, I will not marry you. Much as I like you, I will not marry you.

　　Although he is a child, he has to make a living. Child as he is, he has to make a living.

　　Although she might try, she could not pass the exam. Try though she might, she could not pass the exam.

　　Although I am ugly, I am gentle. Ugly as I am, I am gentle.

　　Notes: 從句的表語(yǔ)是名詞，名詞位于句首時(shí)，前面不加任何冠詞

　　至此。有關(guān)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)知識(shí)已給大家總結(jié)如上。倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)是考研英語(yǔ)難點(diǎn)之一，了解和掌握常見(jiàn)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，可以幫助大家很快識(shí)別長(zhǎng)難句中的倒裝并還原為正常語(yǔ)序，從而肅清句子理解的障礙。